When the vane pump rotor rotates, the tip of the blade is close to the inner surface of the stator under the action of centrifugal force and pressure oil. In this way, the working volume formed by the two blades, the rotor and the stator inner surface is first absorbed from small to large and then discharged from large to small. When the blade rotates once, oil absorption and oil discharge are completed.

 

I. working principle of single-acting vane pump

 

The pump consists of rotor 1, stator 2, blade 3, oil distribution plate and end cap. The inner surface of the stator is cylindrical. There is eccentricity between the rotor and the stator. The blade can slide flexibly in the groove of the rotor. Under the action of centrifugal force when the rotor rotates and pressure oil flowing through the blade root, the top of the blade is attached to the inner surface of the stator. Thus, a sealed working chamber is formed between two adjacent blades, the oil distribution plate, the stator and the rotor. When the rotor rotates counterclockwise, the blade on the right side of the figure extends outwards, and the volume of the sealing chamber gradually increases, creating a vacuum. Therefore, the oil is absorbed through the upper window of oil suction port 6 and oil distribution plate 5. On the left. As the blade indents, the volume of the sealed cavity gradually shrinks, and the oil in the sealed cavity is pressed out through another window of the oil distribution pan and oil pressure port 1 and then output to the system. This pump in the process of rotor rotation, oil suction pressure oil once, so called single - acting pump. The rotor is subjected to the radial hydraulic unbalanced force, so it is also called non-balanced pump, its bearing load is large. The displacement of the pump can be changed by changing the eccentricity between stator and rotor, so this pump is a variable pump.

 

Ii. Working principle of double-acting vane pump

 

Its operating principle is similar to that of a single-acting vane pump, except that the stator surface is composed of eight parts, namely two long radius arcs, two short radius arcs and four transition curves, and the stator and rotor are concentric. In the case of clockwise rotation of the rotor shown in the figure, the volume of the sealing chamber increases gradually in the upper left and lower right corner, which is the oil absorption area, and decreases gradually in the lower left and upper right corner, which is the oil pressure area. There is a seal between the suction and pressure zones to separate them. This pump rotor every turn, each seal chamber to complete oil absorption and oil pressure action twice, so called double-acting vane pump. The two oil suction area and two oil pressure area of the pump are radial symmetry, acting on the rotor of the hydraulic pressure radial balance, so also known as balanced vane pump.

 

The instantaneous flow rate of the double-acting vane pump is pulsating, and the pulsating rate is small when the number of blades is multiple of 4. Therefore, the number of double-acting vane pump blade is generally 12 or 16.

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